EMBAR

Author:
Abdullahi Y. Alkali, Kasim Muhtari, Nura I. Shehu , Saratu Ibrahim , Hajara Yusuf , Mahmud Jibril
College of Health Sciences and Technology, Tsafe

DOI: doi.org/10.58924/rjhss.v5.iss1.p11

Published Date: 12-Feb, 2026

Keywords:

Abstract:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is a global public health concern due to associated morbidity and mortality as a result of immunosuppression. HIV is complex and remains the subject of ongoing research. HIV patients can lead to adverse outcomes and this can be averted if detected and treated. However data on this subject matter are uncommon in Gusau, Zamfara state, Nigeria. This study was designed to determine the Sero-prevalence and immunological responses among HIV attending Federal Medical Center, Gusau. A total of 301sample were collected for Serological investigations and sero-positive patients were enrolled for the study. The samples were tested using antibodies detection kit (Unigold). Flow cytometry was used to enumerate CD4+ T-cells and ELISA was use for quantitative detection of cytokines production. Questionnaires were used to obtain information on subject bio-data. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (Version 26.0 IBM corp, USA) to determine the relationship between socio-demographic factors, CD4+ T-cells and cytokines production. The overall Seropositive infection tested was 2.7 %( 8/301) were. Sero-positive and 97.3 %( 293/301) were Sero-negative. The highest Sero-prevalence of 2.8% (6/208) was recorded among female followed by 2.2% (5/221) and 2.2 % (5/218) males and married with those that are engage in sexual behavior and lack of education background respectively. majority (2.7%; 8/301) of those that are Seropositive with the CD4+ T-cell count in male, >500 ART are males were statistical significant compare to those that are on non-ART with the total average of 326 Cells/mml3 and the female with 608 Cell/mml3 on those that are on therapy while the average of Non ART in female is < 350.The cytokines responses (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) were measure by the Used of Quantitative ELISA. Syphilis and HIV co-infection were associated with increase in IL-6 (18.5 pg/ml) and TNF- α (20 pg/ml). IL-6 and TNF- α is correlated with low CD4+ T cell count and high plasma cytokines values, syphilis infection was associated with significant increase cytokine production and significant decrease in the CD4+ T cell count. The findings underscore the importance of preventing and promoting treating of HIV infected individuals and there immunological responses, the cytokines production in HIV individual’s increases conferred to the HIV-infected and not significant in the HIV-uninfected group. Serological test leads to false positives result and its result should be treated with caution. Sero-positive result should be confirmed by the use of PCR, especially in patients with low CD4+ T cell count to reduce unnecessary administering drugs to individuals that does not require therapy.

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