Understanding the Perception on the Use of Smartphones as an Assistive Technology to Aid Visually Impaired People (VIPs) for Indoor Navigation

Abstract

Navigating indoor environments presents significant challenges for visually impaired individuals, often leading to dependence on others or limited mobility. Smartphones, with their built-in sensors, cameras, and accessibility features, have emerged as versatile aids to promote independence in such environments. This literature review explores the perspectives of visually impaired individuals on smartphone-based navigation tools, compiling findings from recent studies on technologies such as computer vision, inertial sensing, and audio feedback. Drawing on more than 20 peer-reviewed sources published between 2016 and 2025, the review highlights key innovations, user experiences, and gaps in current solutions. The findings indicate that while these tools improve orientation and obstacle avoidance, issues such as accuracy, cognitive load, and integration with traditional tools persist. The discussion evaluates these solutions in light of user needs, focusing on multimedia feedback to enhance usability. In conclusion, smartphone-based devices have transformative potential, but they require user-centric improvements to meet the perceptions of visually impaired individuals regarding reliability and ease of use. This work underscores the need for holistic design to promote independence in indoor spaces