School Feeding Programme Implementation and Perceived Child Health and Educational Outcomes in Rural Somalia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: School feeding programmes can reduce short-term hunger and support child nutrition and education, but their effectiveness may be limited by food insecurity, weak infrastructure and supply-chain disruptions in rural Somalia.

Aim: To assess programme implementation and perceived child health, school attendance and educational outcomes in selected rural areas of Somalia.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study included 60 respondents associated with public primary schools in rural districts of Lower Shabelle and Bay regions. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed descriptively in SPSS version 27.

Results: An active feeding programme was reported by 53.3% of respondents. Meals were provided daily by 33.3%, 3–4 days/week by 31.7%, and 1–2 days/week by 35.0%. Perceived weight or physical growth improvement was reported by 56.7%, and 58.3% reported fewer episodes of sickness; however, 58.3% reported no appetite improvement and 50.0% disagreed that meals were nutritionally adequate. Educational effects were limited: 73.3% reported no improvement in attendance, 73.3% no improvement in punctuality, 65.0% no improvement in concentration, and 75.0% no improvement in academic performance. Major challenges included delayed or insufficient food supplies (63.3%), food quality or variety problems (73.3%), inadequate storage/preparation facilities (83.3%), financial/logistical challenges (70.0%), and limited parent/community involvement (88.3%).

Conclusion: School feeding programmes may provide perceived short-term health benefits, but irregular provision and operational constraints may limit nutritional and educational benefits. Strengthening supply chains, food infrastructure, dietary diversity, community participation and monitoring is warranted.